苹果果实中总黄酮的提取方法优化研究

本文采用正交实验的方法，以苹果果皮总黄酮得率为考察指标，对影响苹果皮总黄酮提取方法的因素进行了探讨，得出了苹果皮总黄酮提取的优化条件，并测定了苹果果皮中总黄酮的含量。结果表明，苹果果皮总黄酮提取的最佳实验条件为：水浴温度为65℃．乙醇浓度为65％，提取时间为2h，围液比为1：20，总黄酮得率为3．66％。     

不同施氮水平下旱作水稻土壤无机氮的动态变化及其吸氮特征

田间条件下用半腐解稻草覆盖后对旱作水稻进行了氮肥不同用量 0 (N0 ) ,90 (N90 ) ,15 0 (N150 ) ,2 10 (N2 10 )和2 70 (N2 70 )kg·hm-2 试验 ,研究了施氮后土壤中无机氮 (NH4 -N、NO3 -N)的动态变化及水稻吸氮特征。结果表明 ,不同施氮水平下旱作水稻土壤速效氮以硝态氮为主 ,水稻的产量以N2 10 处理最高 ,水稻的植株含氮量及氮素的累积主要发生在生长发育的中期 ,氮肥的表观利用率也以N2 10 处理最高 ,随着氮肥用量的增加水稻对土壤氮的依存率逐渐降低     

50年黑龙江省大豆遗传改良的产量及品质变化

本研究针对黑龙江省过去50年推广的大豆品种产量及品质变化进行研究。结果表明，品种推广年代与产量之间表现显著的线性回归关系，产量呈逐年增加的趋势，平均每年提高1．27％。产量的提高与英数、英粒数、粒数及收获指数密切相关，而与百粒重关系不大。经过50年的遗传改良，大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量变化不大，且品种间变异幅度较小。R2期（盛花期）叶氮含量、单株叶氮量、比叶氮及LAI（叶面积指数）与产量及品质关系不大，但此时期干物质重与产量里负相关关系，生育前期的干物质积累对产量的贡献不大。     

人工湿地系统的水量平衡与碳、氮、磷平衡

与传统活性污泥法的人工湿地处理技术不同,人工湿地系统的重要特点在于其通常具有水生植物,水生植物的直接和间接作用增强了湿地的污染物去除能力和改善了生态环境,其中植物供氧是一个重要因素.而水量平衡对于湿地处理效果的衡量具有重要的意义,碳、氮和磷平衡有助于理解湿地系统的污染物的迁移转化规律.湿地的进水量和出水量通常不等,准确计量湿地的进水水量和出水水量非常必要.     

谷氨酰胺合成酶植物基因工程应用研究进展

简要概述了通过植物遗传操作分别增强细胞质型谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS1)和叶绿体型谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS2)在植物叶片叶肉细胞的细胞质和叶绿体中的表达水平以提高植物氮素利用率的应用研究进展.     

Effects of nitrogen rate and ratio of base fertilizer and topdressing on uptake, translocation of nitrogen and yield in wheat

Application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is one of the most important measures to increase grain yield and protein content in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. However, misuse of N Tertilizer will not only affect gram yield and quality, but also cause the decline of economic benefits and related negative environmental effects. It is essential to study reasonable N application regimes for profitable yields, efficient N utilization and reduction in possible environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to determine the N uptake and translocation in wheat plants by using ¹⁵N isotope tracers in PVC cylinders (2.05 m long, ϕ 0.2 m, without bottom) in seven treatments: without N fertilizer application (N0); N application rate of 168 kg/hm² (0.527 g/pot), with ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing of 1:1 (N1), 1:2 (N2) and 0:1 (N3); N application rate of 240 kg/hm² (0.753 g/pot), with ratios of base fertilizer to topdressing of 1:1 (N4), 1:2 (N5) and 0:1 (N6). The ¹⁵N tracer experiment showed that the main basal N absorbed by plant from sowing to jointing stage accounted for 78.04%–89.67%; fertilizer N use efficiency (FNUE, N fertilizer accumulation in plant/N supplied) of topdressing was significantly higher than that of basal N; reducing basal N amount and increasing topdressing N amount could appropriately promote the plant’s absorption of more N fertilizer and enhance FNUE, of which treatment N2 had the highest values. Under the high-yield condition, when N fertilizer rate was increased from 168 to 240 kg/hm², there were no significant differences in the amount of N accumulation in plants and in grains between treatments with the same ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing; by reducing basal N amount and increasing topdressing N amount accordingly, the translocation efficiency (TE, accumulation amount from vegetative organs to gram/N accumulation in vegetative organs during anthesis) increased, and the amount of N assimilation to grains after anthesis and its contribution proportion (the amount of N assimilation to grains after anthesis/N accumulation in grain) also increased. In other words, grain N accumulation amount increased with increasing amount of topdressing N at the same N fertilizer rate. There were no significant differences among treatments N2, N3, N5 and N6 in grain N accumulation. Appropriate N fertilizer rate with a reduction in basal N amount and an increase in topdressing N amount such as in N2, N5 and N6 increased grain yield and protein content. In conclusion, under conditions used in this experiment, as far as grain yield, protein content and FNUE are concerned, the recommended appropriate N fertilizer application regime is treatment N2, with a N fertilizer rate of 168 kg/hm² and a ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing of 1:2. Translated from Journal of Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(12): 1860–1866 [译自: 作物学报]     

水稻中国91氮素营养特性的研究

应用１５Ｎ示踪技术，通过盆栽试验研究了中国９１和日本晴的氮素营养特性。结果表明，中国９１的增产潜力大于日本晴，但结实率比日本晴低。中国９１之所以有以上特点，与下列特性有关：（１）氮肥利用率较高，氮素分配在穗中的比例较高，分配在营养器官中的比例较低。（２）抽穗到成熟营养器官的氮素转移率较高，结实期的净同化率低。     

有机农业土壤氮素流失与防止措施

根据国外资料,综述了有机农业土壤氮素流失规律与防止措施。综述指出,虽然有机农业生产方式可有效地减少氮素流失,但仍然存在流失的可能性。有机氮肥只有在微生物降解为可溶性氮素后,才能被作物大量吸收。这种降解过程是持续进行的、受诸多因素影响的。可溶性氮素流失的规律与集约农业相似,土壤可储藏氮素的观念是错误的。田间植物对氮素的吸收和合理的氮肥使用技术,可有效地减少氮素淋失。     

灌溉绿地再生水全盐量对两种草坪草生长影响的研究

城市绿地灌溉是再生水回用的主要途径,但我国目前尚无专门针对再生水绿地灌溉的水质控制标准。取再生水全盐量975～7100mg·L-1,对苗期高羊茅(FestucaarundinaceaSchreb.)和早熟禾(PoapratensisL.)进行水培试验,研究其生物量、光合速率、叶绿素总量、过氧化氢酶活性受再生水全盐量的影响。结果表明,随再生水中全盐量的增加,早熟禾的各项生理指标下降明显,高羊茅的抗逆性有所提高,表现为过氧化氢酶活性有增加的趋势。经数据分析得出再生水灌溉高羊茅、早熟禾,其全盐量应分别低于1900、1400mg·L-1。     

沈阳市苏家屯区农田土壤有效氮磷钾含量变化的分析

对沈阳市苏家屯区露地和保护地土壤有效氮、磷、钾养分现状进行了调查 ,对露地土壤有效磷、钾在20年间含量变化进行了分析。结果显示 :露地土壤有效氮肥力水平较高 ,全区平均含量为98.96mg·kg-1 ;20年间 ,土壤有效磷含量递增 ,平均含量从1980年的4.96mg·kg-1 上升到2000年的11.61mg·kg-1;土壤有效钾呈递减趋势 ,平均含量从1980年的128.08mg·kg-1下降到2000年的79.90mg·kg-1,平均每年降低1.90%。保护地土壤有效氮、磷、钾含量随使用年限的增加呈上升趋势。